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Wednesday, September 13, 2017

EARLY AMERICAN COLONIAL TRADE--Currency, Money, Credit--hudson's bay company



Exchange among Native Americans and Europeans before 1800
Ann M. Carlos, University of Colorado Boulder
Frank D. Lewis, Queen’s University
Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada



http://www.economichistory.ca/pdfs/2012/carlos-lewis.pdf


Trade: Silver, silica, copper, obsidian.
Sea shells as money out West; wampum, beads, East.
Boiled bones for pemmican,;
Pottery


Baugh and
Ericson document in Prehistoric Exchange Systems in North America.





the Maritime
Peninsula, comprising the Canadian Maritime provinces and parts of Quebec, New York, and
New England,



Exchange: broad based, focused--
Sedentary horticulturists of the Northern Plains--


Potlach--gift giving feast.


Hudsons Bay Company--the two year futures market--
The furs sold in London were exchanged in North America for trade goods that
the company had purchased at least two years earlier.



Tuesday, September 12, 2017

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS ENCYCLOPEDIA-- Kravath Ref--OTHERS ET AL--

https://books.google.com/books?id=gmmMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA233&lpg=PA233&dq=fred+f+kravath+league&source=bl&ots=8OExLJtGFy&sig=275esPFrJa53n_YatsTgzujcju0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj4hv6Qy6DWAhXoxVQKHe7wAFYQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=fred%20f%20kravath%20league&f=false






Search Terms:--


"Fred F Kravath" League"--


Chart--Page 232


Tells of measurements, but also the maritime routes--






THE CORONADO EXPEDITION-- 1540-42--IVEY/RHODES/SANCHEZ--1991

https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npsg/coronado_expedition.pdf


Page 17--The charter from the King, delivered on January 6, 1540


SEARCH TERM--
"Coronado's Well-Equipped Army: The Spanish Invasion of"











https://books.google.com/books?id=jqtBDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT411&lpg=PT411&dq=Coronado's+Well-Equipped+Army:+The+Spanish+Invasion+of&source=bl&ots=nl0NnS-_gx&sig=Eh8h5d0PYrIQ7NqxB5BR0Z38e08&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjvku-pk6HWAhXsylQKHcn2DHQ4ChDoAQgsMAI#v=onepage&q=Coronado's%20Well-Equipped%20Army%3A%20The%20Spanish%20Invasion%20of&f=false




The route of De Soto is, of come, a question for a variety of views.[978] We have in the preceding narrative followed for the track through Georgia a paper read by Colonel Charles C. Jones, Jr., before the Georgia Historical Society, and printed in Savannah in 1880, [979] and for that through Alabama the data given by Pickett in his History of Alaboma,[980] whose local knowledge adds weight to his opinion49811 As to the point of De Soto's crossing the Mississippi, there is a very general agreement on the lowest Chickasaw Bluff. [982] We are without the means, in any of the original sources, to determine beyond dispute the most northerly point reached by Soto. He had evidently approached, but had learned nothing of, the Missouri River.


Almost at the same time that Soto, with the naked,
starving remnant of his army, was at Pacaha, another Spanish force under Vasquez de Coronado, well handled and perfectly equipped, must in July and August, 1541, have been encamped so near that an Indian runner in a few days might have carried tidings between them. Coronado actually heard of his countryman, and sent him a letter; but his messenger failed to find Soto's party.[983] But, strangely enough, the cruel, useless expedition of Soto finds ample space in history, while the well-managed march of Coronado's careful exploration finds scant mention.[984]




No greater contrast exists in our history than that between these two campaigns.